Note 01 · Framing
A question with a decision inside it
Why a useful research question needs a setting and a possible consequence.
Read the notePublications & notes
Concise, complete explanations for the decisions that sit between an interesting idea and a useful investigation.
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Read the complete notes below. These are original educational explainers from Research Exchange, not peer-reviewed papers or reports of empirical findings.
Note 01 · Framing
Why a useful research question needs a setting and a possible consequence.
Read the noteNote 02 · Interpretation
How to keep observation, interpretation, and recommendation distinct.
Read the noteNote 03 · Reuse
What another reader needs before adapting a method or using a result.
Read the noteResearch note 01 · Problem framing
“How can we improve knowledge sharing?” opens a useful conversation, but it leaves almost every part of an investigation undecided. Who is sharing, what knowledge is involved, and what would count as improvement? A research question becomes easier to work with when it names a setting and the decision it could inform.
Consider a group choosing between two ways to organise research notes. Instead of asking whether one system is better, ask whether a reader unfamiliar with a project can find its latest method description using each approach. That question identifies a task, an audience, and something observable. It also leaves room to learn that the organisation of the notes is not the main obstacle.
Write the decision before choosing the measurement. If the next choice is whether to revise a folder structure, observations of search paths and missing labels may be more useful than a broad satisfaction score. A measurement should help distinguish plausible explanations, rather than merely produce a number.
Finally, state what the question leaves out. Finding a file quickly does not mean understanding its contents. A narrow question is useful because its limits are visible. Those limits tell the next reader which new question to ask.
Apply this note with the question canvas →Research note 02 · Interpretation
An observation describes what was recorded. An interpretation explains what it might mean. A recommendation proposes what to do. These statements can sit next to each other in a short report, but each needs its own reasoning.
Suppose readers complete a document-finding task more easily after a new index is introduced. The observation might be a shorter search path. One interpretation is that the index helped. Other explanations include familiarity with the task or extra guidance during the second attempt. Recommending a wider rollout requires an additional judgement about those explanations and the cost of being wrong.
A practical way to check the chain is to write three short paragraphs headed “We observed”, “We think this suggests”, and “We propose”. For each step, ask what assumption connects it to the next. If the recommendation sounds more certain than the observation allows, narrow it. A second test may be a more appropriate next action than adoption.
Keep conflicting evidence close to the conclusion. A result that works only with additional support may still be useful, but the support is part of the intervention. Readers need that detail to judge whether the proposed action fits their own setting.
Explore the research translation brief →Research note 03 · Knowledge reuse
A reusable output needs more than a tidy file. It needs a description of the situation in which the work made sense. Without that context, another reader may reproduce the steps while changing the meaning of the result.
For a method, record its purpose, inputs, sequence, and important choices. Explain why a comparison was selected and which alternatives were set aside. For a dataset, describe the fields, units, exclusions, and transformations. Mark unknown values explicitly rather than asking the next reader to infer what a blank means.
Separate the record of what happened from advice about what might happen elsewhere. “The task used a fixed set of documents” is a condition. “This approach will work in any shared library” is a much broader claim. The first helps readers judge whether a new setting is comparable; the second may conceal the very differences that matter.
A useful handover ends with open questions. Name the steps that depended on judgement, the limitations that remain, and the evidence that would change the conclusion. Reuse becomes a continuation of the inquiry when the next reader can see where to begin.
Use the handover checklist →